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University of Florida Herbarium (FLAS)

These WWW links are useful to plant systematic work in Florida and herbarium collection care. The list is not intended to be comprehensive. For comprehensive indices of botanical/biological sites see the Botanical/Biological Resources Link Directories section.

Aquatic Plants

• UF/IFAS Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants, is a multidisciplinary research, teaching and extension unit directed to develop environmentally sound techniques for the management of aquatic and natural area weed species and to coordinate aquatic plant research activities within the State of Florida. The site includes an online aquatic plant bibliographic database, drawings, descriptions and photographs of aquatic and invasive plants.

Bibliographies and Library Resources (including on line texts)

• An Analytic Bibliography of On-Line Neo-Latin Texts, by Dana F. Sutton, features a linked index arranged by author of ca. 8951 Latin texts written during the Renaissance and later that are freely available to the general public on the Web. Many of the texts are core to plant systematics and nomenclature research. Many of the publications available in Gallica (see below) are indexed in this site.
• The Aquatic Plant Information Retrieval System (APIRS), an online aquatic plant bibliographic database, is provided by the UF/IFAS Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants.
• BibliOrchidea - a comprehensive orchid literature database (ca. 140,000 entries) with citations for most of the existing journal articles, books and preprints on orchids. This bibliographic database is part of the Swiss Orchid Foundation at the Herbarium Jany Renz web site.
• Botanicus Digital Library, a freely accessible, Web-based encyclopedia of historic botanical literature from the Missouri Botanical Garden Library.
• Gallica, a site of the Bibliothèque nationale de France, offers on line full text versions of more than one thousand historic publications. Many of the documents available are core to plant systematics and nomenclature research. E.g., many works by Alphonse de Candolle are available including, "Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis." and Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius, "Flora Brasiliensis." The search page allows quick access to titles and even includes a nice full subject index that includes plant family names and subjects such as "Botanique", "Botanique agricole", and "Botanistes". Some of the Gallica texts are indexed in An Analytic Bibliography of On-Line Neo-Latin Texts (see above).
• Google Book Search, (about... includes full-text for some books) / Google Scholar, provides a simple way to broadly search for scholarly literature.
• Harvard University Libraries
• Index to American Botanical Literature (search page)contains records (21,689 as of Jan. 2000) of recent literature, both from books and journals, dealing with American plants, from Greenland to Antarctica. The Index was established in 1886; published initially in the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club and subsequently in Brittonia. The electronic version includes all those entries published in the Index since 1996, and thus includes botanical literature appearing since late 1995. It is searchable by general category, author, journal, key words or several other options.
• KBD: Kew Bibliographic Databases combines KR: The Kew Record of Taxonomic Literature, PMBD: the Plant Micromorphological Bibliographic Database and EBBD: the Economic Botany Bibliographic Database into one searchable database. More details on these data sets may be found on the "more about KBD" page.
• LibDex - The Library Index: an excellent index to library catalogues with web-based OPACS. The site includes a search interface and browse interface by country (USA list).
• Literature Useful to the Study of Florida Plants (Note: this is bibliography is not being updated. It will eventually be migrated to the University of Florida Herbarium Library Catalog.
• Marie Selby Botanical Gardens Research Library (search page).
• Missouri Botanical Garden Library - (search page).
• New York Botanical Garden Library, includes an online catalog and link list of electronic resources.
• OCLC FirstSearch on the Web - limited to the students, faculty and staff of the State University System of Florida. If you are connecting from a machine which is not within the domain of one of the SUS institutions, you will be requested to input your 14-digit library patron id for verification.
• Smithsonian Institution Libraries (catalog search).
• University of Florida Libraries Catalog (previous version of catalog)
• WebLuis is the Florida Center for Library Automation's gateway page to the library catalogs for each of the state university libraries and to a search page for the combined catalog of the State University Libraries of Florida. The WebLUIS home page contains links to the catalogs, databases and gateway services of the libraries of the State University System of Florida. The gateway services include links to many bibliographic databases such as First Search (that includes Current Contents, Biosis, Agricola, etc.); WorldCat, and Library of Congress. Some of these databases have restricted availability (you may need to be logged in through a UF network to access some of them).

Botanical/Biological Resources - Link Directories

• Internet Directory for Botany (USA home page) is a massive searchble index of botany websites. There are several mirror sites.
• Yahoo Directory: Science: Biology: Botany WWW submenu

Botanist Information and Addresses, Botanical/Museum Societies and Associations

• The American Bryological and Lichenological Society, Inc.
• American Society of Plant Taxonomists - the site offers information on the society, its publications (Systematic Botany, Systematic Botany Monographs, the ASPT Newsletter, the latter in online form), meetings, and a membership directory with keyword and country browsable indices and a free-form query interface.
• Association of Systematic Collections - see National Science Collections Alliance
• Botanical Society of America
• Collection Managers Online - list of collection managers coordinated by Jane Mygatt and hosted by the University of New Mexico Herbarium.
• Index of Botanists at Harvard University Herbaria includes Botanical authors and collectors.
• International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT)
• The Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections.
• National Science Collections Alliance -(formerly Association of Systematic Collections) - includes members directory, newsletter, publications, annual meeting info., databases, government and policy, bioinformatics, databases (links), conference and events info., employment opportunities and links of interest.

Collecting Permits and Legal Issues

• Florida Plant Collecting Regulations and Permitting

Collection Conservation, Care and Management

• Abbey Publications -- includes The Abbey Newsletter, The Alkaline Paper Advocate, ph pens and chlorophenol red.
• LHS: Conservation link list of the Local History Services Department of the Indiana Historical Society.
• National Park Service Museum Management Program - includes Conserve 0 gram publications which provide information on procdures, techniques and materials to care for museum objects (PDF index); exhibits, park profiles and treasures of the nation.
• Northern States Conservation Center - the site includes an excellent collection care section.
• The Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections

Cultivated/Ornamental/Landscape Plants

• Floridata - a photographic encyclopedia of landscape plants.
• Monrovia Nursery (plant catalog).
• University of Georgia Trial Gardens.

Cultivated/Ornamental/Landscape Plants - Florida Nurseries

• Association of Florida Native Nurseries - Florida nurseries specializing in native species.
• Betrock's Hortworld.Com provides an electronic version of the PlantFinder, a searchable index of cultivated plants available by wholesale nurseries in Florida. Other features of the site include: HortDigest (horticultural magazine), a search engine, bookstore and services directory.

Economic Botany (incl. Ethnobotany, Edible, and Useful Plants; see also Poisonous Plants)

• Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
• Famine Foods
• New Crop: The New Crop Resource Online Program
• Native American Ethnobotany Database
• Plants for a Future : Edible, Medicinal and Useful Plants for a Healthier World

Endangered Species

• IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
• Notes on Florida's Endangered and Threatened Plants by Dr. Nancy C. Coile and served by Fairchild Tropical Garden Herbarium.
• U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Endangered Species Program
• UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre: many resources, including a UNEP-WCMC Species of Conservation Concern Database.

Floras, Atlases, Checklists

• eFloras.org - includes on line versions of Flora of China, Flora of Missouri, Flora of North America, Flora of Pakistan, Moss Flora of China, and Trees and shrubs of the Andes of Ecuador. Utilizes and links to ActKey - interactive keys.
• Flora of North America
• The Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants
  • Family index for species maps
  • List of Plants by County index
  • Advanced search
  • Citation search
• South Carolina Plant Atlas

Florida Botanical/Biological Resources

• Florida Biotic Information Consortium
• Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council
• Florida Native Plant Society
• IFAS Assessment of the Status of Non-Native Plants in Florida’s Natural Areas - developed by the UF/IFAS Invasive Plants Working Group so that Extension faculty could provide consistent recommendations concerning the use of non-native plants.
• Institute for Regional Conservation (IRC) includes information on South Florida biodiversity, ecosystems and species in three main sections: "Floristic Inventory of South Florida," "FISF Database," and "Restoring South Florida's Native Plant Heritage".
• Linking Florida's Natural Heritage (LFNH) - a project to electronically link diverse information resources throughout the state of Florida into a virtual library on Florida ecology.
• Notes on Florida's Endangered and Threatened Plants by Dr. Nancy C. Coile and served by Fairchild Tropical Garden Herbarium.
• University of South Florida / Institute for Systematic Botany
  • The Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants
    • Family index for species maps
    • List of Plants by County index
    • Advanced search
    • Citation search

Geographic Information / Gazeteers

• The Alexandria Digital Library is a distributed digital library with collections of georeferenced materials. A searchable gazeteer server is provided.
• Fuzzyg: The Fuzzy Gazetteer - allows for variations in spelling to assist in geographical name searches.
• FuzzyG: Digital Map Archive - Fuzzy Gazetteer - searches for place names world-wide and can handle variations in spelling, thereby making the searches more robust.
• Geocoder.US - find the latitude and longitude of any U.S. address.
• GeoNames - a searchable geographical database with over eight million geographical names which returns latitude and longitude coordinates and displays via Google maps.
• The GEOnet Names Server (GNS) provides access to the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency's database of foreign geographic feature names. Map and text-based searches are available. (See: The U.S.G.S. Geographic Names Information System for U.S. geographic names.)
• Geographic.Org - provides country details and administrative divisions information (province, state, department, etc.).
• Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names - provides hierarchy, latitude and longitude for place names.
• Google Maps provides U.S. maps with layers of roads and businesses plus satellite imagery.
• MSN Maps and Directions.
• Map Library, a project of the Map Maker Trust, provides public domain map data concerning administrative boundaries in developing countries (currently in Africa and Central America).
• MapQuest.
• MapServer - an Open Source development environment for building spatially-enabled internet applications.
• The U.S.G.S. Geographic Names Information System is a massive data set of names and other features of the United States developed by the USGS in cooperation with the U.S. Board on Geographic Names (BGN). (See: the GEOnet Names Server (GNS) for foreign geographic names.)
• TerraServer.
• TopoZone - part of trails.com and apparently no longer free. Includes interactive topo maps of the entire United States that includes every U.S. Geological Survey 1:100,000, 1:25,000, and 1:24,000 scale maps; Alaska (1:63,360) and Puerto Rico (1:20,000)

Herbaria

• Herbarium News - information about activities that are of interest to the herbarium community. The printed version has been discontinued and the online version hosted by Missouri Botanical Garden has vanished.
• Index Herbariorum: the online form (with only U.S. institutions) of the official directory of herbaria in the world (search form)

Herbarium Collections - Specimen and Type Specimen Catalogs

• BISH - Bishop Museum's Botany Home Page (note: can't find the database anymore?)
• C - University of Copenhagen, Botanical Museum and Library - Databases
• California, USA - Consortium of California Herbaria - CHSC, DAV, IRVC, JEPS, RSA, SBBG, UCR, UCSB, UCSC, UC.
• CAS - California Academy of Sciences, Botany Department - Botanical Type Specimens Catalog (search page) | Chiapas, Mexico holdings.
• F - Field Museum of Natural History - Collection Database Directory - Botany Collection Database.
• FSU - Godfrey Herbarium, Florida State University - specimen database search.
• FTG - Fairchild Tropical Herbarium - includes specimen images.
• "HUH" (A, AMES, GH, NEBC) - Harvard University Herbaria - specimen catalog (mostly type specimens) | databases page.
• MO - Missouri Botanical Garden offers specimen, floristic and nomenclatural databases, through TROPICOS - the web interface to Missouri Botanical Garden's nomenclatural database and associated authority files for vascular plants and bryophytes. Search screens available include: nomenclatural/scientific name, specimens, references, and images.
• Nationaal Herbarium Nederland - AMD, L, U and WAG - Collection Database.
• NY - The New York Botanical Garden Steere Herbarium
  - virtual herbarium specimen catalog (search page).
  - Digital Imaging Project information.
• Renz, BBG and BIB - Swiss Orchid Foundation at the Herbarium Jany Renz - includes images of 26,000 herbarium specimens, 6,000 slides and 3,500 hand-coloured drawings from the library of Jany Renz plus the comprehensive orchid literature database, BibliOrchidea.
• S - Swedish Museum of Natural History - the collections page links to descriptons and search screens for its collections and databases, including: The Nordic Herbarium, The Regnellian Herbarium, The General Herbarium, The Linnean Herbarium, the Swartz Herbarium and the Botanical type collection.
• TEX, LL - University of Texas at Austin, Plant Resources Center - type specimens catalog (description of the type register).
• UC, JEPS - University of California, Berkeley, University and Jepson Herbarium - online catalog (SMASCH) / online resources.
• US - Smithsonian Institution Botany Collections / Botany Collections on line catalog / U.S. National Herbarium type specimen register
• USF - University of South Florida Herbarium - specimen database.
• Numerous others: accessible via the Index Herbariorum search form and the Internet Directory for Botany

Herbarium Supply Vendors

• BioQuip Products
• Bookmakers
• Carolina Biological Supply
• Brodart - library supplies
• Conservation By Design Limited
• Forestry Suppliers
• Herbarium Supply Company
• Lane Science Equipment Co.
• Pacific Papers
• Preservation Equipment Ltd. (products page) - North American orders through University Products (below)
• Steel Fixture Manufacturing Co.
• University Products (including Archival Suppliers and Library Suppliers)
• Viking Metal Cabinet Co. - herbarium cases.

Mailing Lists

• BIO-AUTH - a discussion list for the development and maintenance of on-line authority works and authority systems in taxonomy or systematic biology.
• Herbaria Mailing List
• Natural History Collections Listserver (NHCOLL-L) - hosted by The Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections.
• PEET: Partnerships for Enhancing Expertise in Taxonomy - discussion list for the PEET awardees funded by the National Science Foundation, Division of Environmental Biology.
• PERMIT-L - listserve (hosted by the Smithsonian Institution) intended to facilitate discussion and information flow on all issues related to biological collecting, permits, access, and import/export transactions. To subscribe, send email to LISTSERV@SIVM.SI.EDU with:
  Subscribe PERMIT-L Firstname Surname
  as the text of the email. No subject is required and your signature should be turned off.
• TAXACOM: Biological Systematics and Biocollections Computerization Discussion List - archives of the list and information on how to subscribe.

Plant Families: Descriptions and Information

• Angiosperm Phylogeny Website by Peter F. Stevens.
• Classification of Flowering Plants by K. Bremer, B. Bremer and M. Thulin.
• A Collection of Botany Related URLs: Vascular Plant Families section of the Internet Directory for Botany.
• The Families of Flowering Plants: Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, Information Retrieval: a massive plant family database with description and illustrations. The information is output from DELTA format files, (DEscription Language for TAxonomy) a flexible method for encoding taxonomic descriptions for computer processing.
• Flowering Plant Gateway by Hugh D. Wilson of Texas A&M University, provides information of family classification systems, including Cronquist, Takhtajan, Thorne and the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group.
• Vascular Plant Family Nomenclature by James L. Reveal includes: Index Nominum Supragenericorum Plantarum Vascularium and USDA -APHIS Concordance of Family Names.

Plant Families and Special Plant Groups
  Descriptions and Information (By Family or Special Plant Group)

• Agavaceae (Agave) - The Agave Pages - has a large photo gallery, subsection on Caribbean agaves, info on nomenclature, and articles.
• Amaryllidaceae (Crinum) - The Genus Crinum (Amaryllidaceae) - includes descriptions and pictures of species and cultivars, A Systematic Review of the Genus Crinum by L.S. Hannibal, plus links.
• Araceae - International Aroid Society, Inc. (The Genera of Araceae)
• Arecaceae - International Palm Society - includes an excellent photo gallery.
• Bulbs - International Bulb Society, Gallery of the World's Bulbs
• Bromeliaceae - Bromeliad Society International
• Carnivorous Plants - Carnivorous Plants Database - a database with nomemclature synopsis, pictures, FAQs on carnivorous plants, links to carnivorous plant societies, a plant trading post and links to other carnivorous plant pages.
• Conifers - American Conifer Society - World Conifer Database
• Cycadaceae - The Cycad Society - includes an excellent photo gallery.
• Cycadales - The Cycad Pages, web access to a botanical database developed from The World List of Cycads, with a page for every known cycad.
• Fabaceae - International Legume Database & Information Service - offers a searchable database through Legume Web with nomenclature and references.
• Monocotyledons - World Checklist of Monocotyledons.
• Orchidaceae - The American Orchid Society OrchidWeb
• Orchidaceae - Swiss Orchid Foundation at the Herbarium Jany Renz - includes images of 26,000 herbarium specimens, 6,000 slides and 3,500 hand-coloured drawings from the library of Jany Renz plus the comprehensive orchid literature database, BibliOrchidea.
• Poaceae - Catalogue of New World Grasses.
• Poaceae - GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora.
• Poaceae - Grasses of Palm Beach and Martin Counties, Florida - by John Bradford, George Rogers and June Wilkinson, provides keys, species descriptions and excellent photographs of grass species in the delimited area. The site also includes a glossary and a discussion of grass biology.
• Poaceae - Manual of Grasses for North America (and Flora North America North of Mexico, volumes 24 and 25).
• Theaceae (Camellia) - American Camellia Society

Plant Scientific Names and Authorities (see also Plant Families and Special Groups, above)

• The Biota of North America Program, of the North Carolina Botanical Garden, no longer provides online plant species name data. The Synthesis of the North American Flora, a CD-ROM published in August, 1999, is now available from the North Carolina Botanical Garden. This CD-ROM includes updated plant species names data which were published in the second edition of the two-volume work, A Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora of the United States, Canada and Greenland. There is an online index available at http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/b98/check98.htm (developed at Texas A&M University by Hugh D. Wilson).
• Conserved and rejected plant names: proposals and disposals - a search engine and index to the scientific plant names proposed for conservation or rejection since the first proposals in 1892.
• The Gray Herbarium Index formerly presented by the Harvard University Herbaria is now incorporated into the International Plant Names Index (IPNI). It includes scientific names and place of publication of New World plants published after the first edition of Index Kewensis. IPNI includes Index Kewensis, the Australian Plant Name Index and additional nomenclatural resources.
• The GRIN Taxonomy database (40,000 taxa, 13,000 genera) provides the structure and nomenclature for the accessions of the National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) of the U.S. Agricultural Research Service. The database specializes in cultivated and economic plants and their relatives. Information on scientific and common names, classification, distribution, references, and economic impacts are provided. There are a variety of queries available (simple query). This site is available in English, French, German, Portuguese and Spanish.
• Index Nominum Genericorum (ING) - a database of all validly published generic names of plants (including fungi).
• Index Nominum Supragenericorum Plantarum Vascularium - Alphabetical Listing by Family of Validly Published Suprageneric Names: an index of all valid and legitimate extant vascular plant names above the rank of genus. Also available: Alphabetical Listing by Genera of Validly Published Suprageneric Names
• International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Saint Louis Code) - English Electronic Version (contents)
• International Plant Names Index - a database of the names and associated basic bibliographical details of all seed plants. IPNI is the product of a collaboration between The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, The Harvard University Herbaria, and the Australian National Herbarium. Searches include: Plant names, Authors, Publications and Collectors. The data in the IPNI comes from three sources: the Index Kewensis (IK), the Gray Card Index (GCI) and the Australian Plant Names Index (APNI).
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) is developed by six federal agencies working together seeks to populate its database with currently valid scientific names and classification of organisms, with a primary focus on the organisms of North America and the marine environment. The site includes data on numerous groups of organisms, including North American vascular plants.
• International Organization for Plant Information (IOPI) provides a database of plant databases and is developing a Global Plant Checklist for which a Provisional Global Plant Checklist is operational.
• The Linnaean Plant Name Typification Project
• Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops (names query) - based on Hanelt, P. & Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (Eds.) 2001: Mansfeld's Encyclopedia of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops. 1-6: 3716 pp.
• Missouri Botanical Garden offers specimen, floristic and nomenclatural databases, through TROPICOS - the web interface to Missouri Botanical Garden's nomenclatural database and associated authority files for vascular plants and bryophytes. Search screens available include: nomenclatural/scientific name, specimens, references, and images.
• Names in Current Use for Extant Plant Genera (NCU-3)
• PLANTS Database home page, coordinated by the USDA National Resource Conservation Center, includes a search field form (common name, scientific name and symbol) on the home page. Search results include: characteristics, checklists & searches, culturally significant, excluded and anomalous names, fact sheets, invasive & noxious, phylogenetic, threatened & endangered, wetland indicator status, ESIS, phosphorus index, plant materials and vegSpec information.
• Taxonomic Database Working Group of the International Union for Biological Sciences - addressses taxonomic database standards.
• Vascular Plant Family Nomenclature - a full listing of all validly published (and thus both legitimate and illegimate) family names and names recognized by James L. Reveal.
• Bryophytes and Lichens
  • The Index of Mosses Database is now integrated into TROPICOS, the Missouri Botanical Garden's specimen, floristic and nomenclatural databases. Search screens available include: nomenclatural/scientific name, specimens, references, and images. Downloadable authority files are available via the Index of Mosses web page.
  • Internet Resources for Bryologists and Lichenologists - provided by the The American Bryological and Lichenological Society, Inc..
  • A Cumulative Checklist for the Lichen-forming, Lichenicolous and Allied Fungi of the Continental United States and Canada
  • Lichens - Parmeliaceae: Searchable List of Names in the Parmelioid Genera is now featured on the U.S. National Herbarium's lichen page.
  • NPLichen: A Database of Lichens in the U.S. National Parks

Poisonous Plants

• Botanical Dermatology Database (BoDD), the electronic re-incarnation of the book, Botanical Dermatology, by J Mitchell & A Rook with a search engine and plant families index.
• Cornell University Poisonous Plants Web pages - includes plant images, pictures of affected animals and presentations concerning the botany, chemistry, toxicology, diagnosis and prevention of poisoning of animals by plants and other natural flora (fungi, etc.).
• Poisonous Plants Database
• Guide to Poisonous and Toxic Plants by the US Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine Entomology Programs.

Software

• Biota: The Biodiversity Database Manager
• BRAHMS - Botanical Research And Herbarium Management System database software for botanical research and collection management. It provides comprehensive support with the management of names, collection curation and taxonomic research.
• DeltaAccess - an SQL interface to Delta, implemented in Microsoft Access
• Delta Software sources on the Net - list of resources related to the Delta Software system.
• KE EMu - electronic museum management system, providing solutions for: museums, art galleries, historical societies, herbaria and botanic gardens.
• Specify - Biodiversity Collections Management Software.
• Preserving and Digitizing Collections Images: Linking Collections Images and Databases for Public Access - a joint project of the Missouri Botanical Garden and the Institute of Museum and Library Services.

Wildflowers

• Common Native Wildflowers of North Florida
• Native Wildflowers on Roadsides of Central and South Florida
• More documents on Florida wildflowers in the UF/IFAS EDIS full-text publication online library.